1 00:00:58,036 --> 00:01:02,113 down the banks of the Sepik River comes 2 00:01:01,012 --> 00:01:05,077 of mother with her own two small 3 00:01:03,013 --> 00:01:08,050 children the child of a neighbor she is 4 00:01:05,077 --> 00:01:10,159 looking after for the day and a small 5 00:01:08,005 --> 00:01:13,021 child nurse of the neighbor's child the 6 00:01:11,059 --> 00:01:16,063 mother bathed the neighbor's child first 7 00:01:13,066 --> 00:01:19,084 while the child nurse holds her babies 8 00:01:16,063 --> 00:01:22,099 notice the way in which he holds the 9 00:01:19,084 --> 00:01:26,143 child by one step on how the child leans 10 00:01:22,099 --> 00:01:29,125 away from this cold you see the shells 11 00:01:27,043 --> 00:01:34,078 which hang from the mothers net on which 12 00:01:30,025 --> 00:01:37,027 a atlas child cut 16 now she is bathing 13 00:01:34,078 --> 00:01:40,114 her own little boy with screaming with 14 00:01:37,045 --> 00:01:44,214 rage loading one arm fifth and tenth 15 00:01:41,014 --> 00:01:48,081 which is a characteristic temper tantrum 16 00:01:44,619 --> 00:01:48,810 gesture for yet more children 17 00:01:56,043 --> 00:02:02,079 our own baby is held by the arm laws is 18 00:01:59,046 --> 00:02:04,053 quickly dipped in the river little 19 00:02:02,079 --> 00:02:06,162 children are hills when they are bay 20 00:02:04,053 --> 00:02:12,099 there are sometimes crocodiles in the 21 00:02:07,062 --> 00:02:15,069 river the mother shaked the baby drop 22 00:02:12,099 --> 00:02:17,165 darts up the bank with a group of 23 00:02:16,032 --> 00:02:18,065 children 24 00:02:35,039 --> 00:02:40,052 now we see a second mother coming down 25 00:02:37,064 --> 00:02:45,065 again supporting her child by one off as 26 00:02:40,052 --> 00:02:47,087 the child liens and slides alone there 27 00:02:45,074 --> 00:02:50,087 again you see the shells suspended from 28 00:02:47,087 --> 00:02:55,160 the mothers net shells on which a baby 29 00:02:50,087 --> 00:03:00,160 at 16 and she holds the child firmly 30 00:02:56,006 --> 00:03:01,006 well brisk and businesslike she washed 31 00:03:12,072 --> 00:03:15,137 take this dry 32 00:03:16,819 --> 00:03:22,908 and a third mother dipped her baby in 33 00:03:19,079 --> 00:03:22,998 the water of the river 34 00:03:33,055 --> 00:03:39,079 now we shift to an American bathroom and 35 00:03:37,018 --> 00:03:43,024 better the wide river the narrow 36 00:03:39,079 --> 00:03:45,103 confines of a small room while the 37 00:03:43,078 --> 00:03:48,079 mother carefully wiped the child's face 38 00:03:46,003 --> 00:03:52,021 on a cost made specially for the purpose 39 00:03:48,079 --> 00:03:55,177 and keeps the child in a large porcelain 40 00:03:52,021 --> 00:03:59,077 tub where she has time to stop and play 41 00:03:56,077 --> 00:04:03,133 with him and in his boss waters are not 42 00:03:59,077 --> 00:04:07,081 crocodile with my 30 but rubber toys and 43 00:04:04,033 --> 00:04:14,056 he leans toward his mother and then when 44 00:04:07,081 --> 00:04:17,143 Toews faith pat-a-cake and then his 45 00:04:14,056 --> 00:04:23,119 mother says bye-bye and he waved bye-bye 46 00:04:18,043 --> 00:04:26,098 to an appreciative adult audience notice 47 00:04:24,019 --> 00:04:29,101 the mother's hands ever watchful ever 48 00:04:26,098 --> 00:04:31,111 hovering around the child while she 49 00:04:30,001 --> 00:04:36,073 still gives him an illusion of 50 00:04:32,011 --> 00:04:40,012 Independence then a swish through the 51 00:04:36,073 --> 00:04:42,096 water and out be carefully dried in a 52 00:04:40,021 --> 00:04:42,096 large towel 53 00:04:46,079 --> 00:04:51,086 and he again played pat-a-cake 54 00:04:48,053 --> 00:04:55,118 remembering the cube he was given before 55 00:04:51,086 --> 00:05:02,171 then he sucks his washcloth which 56 00:04:56,018 --> 00:05:06,020 American babies tend to do and holds 57 00:05:03,071 --> 00:05:08,104 onto the rod and his mother gives him 58 00:05:06,038 --> 00:05:08,104 Cyrus 59 00:05:13,011 --> 00:05:20,043 and goes back to drying him and dressing 60 00:05:16,002 --> 00:05:22,068 him the bath is a long elaborate process 61 00:05:20,043 --> 00:05:25,044 which may take as much as an hour and 62 00:05:22,086 --> 00:05:27,165 dominates the whole life of the 63 00:05:25,053 --> 00:05:30,062 household for the day he has to have a 64 00:05:28,065 --> 00:05:30,143 dieter 65 00:05:41,077 --> 00:05:48,006 and the knife down and he is getting 66 00:05:46,012 --> 00:05:53,083 tired and broke with all this dressing 67 00:05:48,699 --> 00:05:55,752 he puts his whole fist in his mouth he 68 00:05:53,083 --> 00:05:58,202 has nothing on which to cut his teeth at 69 00:05:56,229 --> 00:05:58,301 the moment 70 00:06:03,043 --> 00:06:09,142 very sleepily very tired of all the 71 00:06:07,009 --> 00:06:18,034 elaborate ceremony is taken off to be 72 00:06:10,042 --> 00:06:19,123 only a few years later there had been 73 00:06:18,034 --> 00:06:22,090 changes in the way children were brought 74 00:06:20,023 --> 00:06:25,054 up in the United States there is the 75 00:06:22,009 --> 00:06:29,032 same bathtub and a child still plays 76 00:06:25,054 --> 00:06:32,107 with toy animals and bubble turn this 77 00:06:30,013 --> 00:06:35,095 but see how much more relaxed the mother 78 00:06:33,007 --> 00:06:38,026 is before this mother has been allowed 79 00:06:35,095 --> 00:06:39,103 to feed her baby when he was hungry and 80 00:06:38,026 --> 00:06:41,119 has not had two fitted into the 81 00:06:40,003 --> 00:06:45,010 schedules have made the mother to the 30 82 00:06:42,019 --> 00:06:47,080 anxious deeper patterns which relates 83 00:06:45,073 --> 00:06:54,082 the child and mothers remain the same 84 00:06:47,008 --> 00:06:57,055 you will know this evening little things 85 00:06:55,063 --> 00:07:08,154 we have a similarity this little girl 86 00:06:58,027 --> 00:07:09,054 also sucks under washroom waved bye-bye 87 00:07:14,016 --> 00:07:20,043 and plays pattycake with our mother as 88 00:07:16,086 --> 00:07:21,165 audience but the mother can have her 89 00:07:20,043 --> 00:07:23,118 much more happily and freely because the 90 00:07:22,065 --> 00:07:26,121 relationships between mother and child 91 00:07:24,018 --> 00:07:29,106 has no longer being mediated to strict 92 00:07:27,021 --> 00:07:32,028 rules where the cloth that is a mother 93 00:07:30,006 --> 00:07:35,015 and baby together decided but what to be 94 00:07:32,091 --> 00:07:34,115 done 95 00:07:43,009 --> 00:07:47,077 if you're again you see this little girl 96 00:07:46,033 --> 00:07:51,040 takes an outside object to speed on 97 00:07:48,058 --> 00:07:55,060 neither a part of her own body no her 98 00:07:52,003 --> 00:08:00,007 mother's just as a little American boy 99 00:07:55,078 --> 00:08:02,937 did in a modern society like the United 100 00:08:00,007 --> 00:08:05,826 States as we use scientific insight we 101 00:08:03,639 --> 00:08:09,130 change and improve our ways of bringing 102 00:08:05,889 --> 00:08:10,917 up children nevertheless the basic 103 00:08:09,013 --> 00:08:13,024 cultural emphasis the way in which the 104 00:08:11,169 --> 00:08:15,580 American child is encouraged towards 105 00:08:13,024 --> 00:08:17,733 independence and towards action of which 106 00:08:15,058 --> 00:08:19,122 its mother is a spectator remains the 107 00:08:17,949 --> 00:08:20,220 same 108 00:08:25,008 --> 00:08:31,817 and now we come to a mountain village in 109 00:08:27,659 --> 00:08:35,490 Bali or carbon a child of the same age 110 00:08:31,889 --> 00:08:37,952 is standing in a tiny tub perched on a 111 00:08:35,049 --> 00:08:42,728 high platform and his mother is bathing 112 00:08:38,519 --> 00:08:46,350 you see this is teething things hang 113 00:08:43,169 --> 00:08:49,860 around his own neck the string of beads 114 00:08:46,035 --> 00:08:52,080 for the little silver box bonus and when 115 00:08:49,086 --> 00:08:55,170 he wishes to bite he bites on the thing 116 00:08:52,008 --> 00:09:00,037 that hangs around his only his mother / 117 00:08:56,007 --> 00:09:00,136 of him he splashes back 118 00:09:03,093 --> 00:09:08,093 you stand and test this balance 119 00:09:11,022 --> 00:09:19,631 as he tries to get out she's pushed him 120 00:09:13,062 --> 00:09:24,011 back again puts him back and finally 121 00:09:19,829 --> 00:09:27,872 takes him out now what very carefully 122 00:09:24,569 --> 00:09:34,050 while he sucks his toe as she smiled and 123 00:09:28,259 --> 00:09:36,060 then stares into vacancy then we went 124 00:09:34,005 --> 00:09:39,024 next door to watch another baby thing 125 00:09:36,006 --> 00:09:41,085 and Carver came along with us after his 126 00:09:39,024 --> 00:09:44,663 own bow to watch this path of a much 127 00:09:41,085 --> 00:09:47,444 younger baby this time the youngest 128 00:09:44,879 --> 00:09:51,892 child of an older woman whose oldest 129 00:09:48,209 --> 00:09:51,217 child is already a mother herself 130 00:10:11,015 --> 00:10:17,029 she doesn't have quite the inclination 131 00:10:13,025 --> 00:10:17,029 to play the first mother has 132 00:10:45,084 --> 00:10:51,141 but the playfulness is there again as we 133 00:10:49,026 --> 00:10:56,030 seek our become up invade the other 134 00:10:52,041 --> 00:10:56,066 babies and he himself was babe 135 00:11:12,001 --> 00:11:19,072 broking the other baby smiling at the 136 00:11:15,031 --> 00:11:24,037 other baby he splashes the other baby he 137 00:11:19,081 --> 00:11:28,350 plays for the other baby in this simple 138 00:11:24,091 --> 00:11:31,890 act of bathing a child we see how strong 139 00:11:29,079 --> 00:11:37,086 the cultural contrast off between the 140 00:11:32,709 --> 00:11:40,930 playful teasing but inattentive Balinese 141 00:11:37,149 --> 00:11:44,440 mother the careful conscientious 142 00:11:40,093 --> 00:11:48,362 American mothers and the casual brisk 143 00:11:44,044 --> 00:11:48,803 matter of fact New Guinea mother