This book examines how whistleblower protection works in practice in Italy, comparing the legal framework introduced by Legislative Decree No. 24/2023 with evidence gathered from those who manage reports across different organisations. By the end of this book, you will be able to:

• Trace the evolution of Italian whistleblowing legislation, from Law 190/2012 and Law 179/2017 to the consolidated framework of Legislative Decree 24/2023.
• Identify who is protected and what types of violation fall within the scope of the law, including the concept of "indirect protection."
• Distinguish between internal, external, and public disclosure channels, and explain the conditions under which each may be used.
• Describe the supervisory, sanctioning, and interpretative roles of the National Anti-Corruption Authority (ANAC).
• Explain the two pillars of protection — confidentiality and the prohibition of retaliation — and the remedies available to whistleblowers.
• Interpret the available data on report numbers, subject matter, and outcomes, including the gap between formal channels and their actual use.
• Recognise the recurring procedural model for handling reports, from acknowledgement through assessment, investigation, and feedback.
• Critically assess the strengths and limitations of the system, particularly around low reporting rates, the nature of submissions, and the underdevelopment of anti-retaliation and support measures.